Emulating the early Macintosh floppy drive

I have been working on an emulator for early (Motorola 68000-powered) Macintosh computers. While implementing the disk drive, I noticed documentation was scattered and hard to find. Now that I have a working implementation, this post is my attempt to document everything in one place.
↫ Thomas [I do not know their last name]

Exactly what it says on the tin – everything you ever wanted to know about the disk drive on early Macintosh computers.