Engineers are Building the Hottest Geothermal Power Plant on Earth - Next to a US Volcano

'On the slopes of an Oregon volcano, engineers are building the hottest geothermal power plant on Earth,' reports the Washington Post:

The plant will tap into the infernal energy of Newberry Volcano, 'one of the largest and most hazardous active volcanoes in the United States,' according to the U.S. Geological Survey. It has already reached temperatures of 629 degrees Fahrenheit, making it one of the hottest geothermal sites in the world, and next year it will start selling electricity to nearby homes and businesses. But the start-up behind the project, Mazama Energy, wants to crank the temperature even higher — north of 750 degrees — and become the first to make electricity from what industry insiders call 'superhot rock.' Enthusiasts say that could usher in a new era of geothermal power, transforming the always-on clean energy source from a minor player to a major force in the world's electricity systems.

'Geothermal has been mostly inconsequential,' said Vinod Khosla, a venture capitalist and one of Mazama Energy's biggest financial backers. 'To do consequential geothermal that matters at the scale of tens or hundreds of gigawatts for the country, and many times that globally, you really need to solve these high temperatures.' Today, geothermal produces less than 1 percent of the world's electricity. But tapping into superhot rock, along with other technological advances, could boost that share to 8 percent by 2050, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). Geothermal using superhot temperatures could theoretically generate 150 times more electricity than the world uses, according to the IEA. 'We believe this is the most direct path to driving down the cost of geothermal and making it possible across the globe,' said Terra Rogers, program director for superhot rock geothermal at the Clean Air Task Force, an environmentalist think tank. 'The [technological] gaps are within reason. These are engineering iterations, not breakthroughs.'

The Newberry Volcano project combines two big trends that could make geothermal energy cheaper and more widely available. First, Mazama Energy is bringing its own water to the volcano, using a method called 'enhanced geothermal energy'... [O]ver the past few decades, pioneering projects have started to make energy from hot dry rocks by cracking the stone and pumping in water to make steam, borrowing fracking techniques developed by the oil and gas industry... The Newberry project also taps into hotter rock than any previous enhanced geothermal project. But even Newberry's 629 degrees fall short of the superhot threshold of 705 degrees or above. At that temperature, and under a lot of pressure, water becomes 'supercritical' and starts acting like something between a liquid and a gas. Supercritical water holds lots of heat like a liquid, but it flows with the ease of a gas — combining the best of both worlds for generating electricity... [Sriram Vasantharajan, Mazama's CEO] said Mazama will dig new wells to reach temperatures above 750 degrees next year. Alongside an active volcano, the company expects to hit that temperature less than three miles beneath the surface. But elsewhere, geothermal developers might have to dig as deep as 12 miles.

While Mazama plans to generate 15 megawatts of electricity next year, it hopes to eventually increase that to 200 megawatts. (And the company's CEO said it could theoretically generate five gigawatts of power.)

But more importantly, successful projects 'motivate other players to get into the market,' according to a senior geothermal research analyst at energy consultancy Wood Mackenzie, who predicted 'a ripple effect,' to the Washington Post where 'we'll start seeing more companies get the financial support to kick off their own pilots.'

Read more of this story at Slashdot.